Introduction to Finite Element Method
The basic principles underlying the FEM are relatively simple. Consider a body or engineering component through which the distribution of a field variable, e.g. displacement or stress, is required. Examples could be a component under load, temperatures subject to a heat input, etc. The body, i.e. a one-, two- or three-dimensional solid, is modelled as being hypothetically subdivided into an assembly of small parts called elements – ‘finite elements’. The word ‘finite’ is used to describe the limited, or finite, number of degrees of freedom used to model the behaviour of each element.